Concepts Regarding Truth And Falsehood Philosophy Essay

Concepts Regarding Truth And Falsehood Philosophy Essay The concepts regarding truth and falsehood are essential for valuing each situation that occur in life of any human being. All experiences of practice in everyday life are being constantly evaluated by perception resulting in ordering of the reality. Distinction between true and false allows for formation of statements and beliefs concerning not only individual but also general opinion developed in a certain culture. How do we know that something is true? Determination of false claims is far easier as they are simply defined as contradiction of truth. In my opinion there are no absolute distinctions between what is true and false exclusively regarding arts. In the remaining areas of knowledge the border between the truth and falsehood is more visible since the concept of truth can be proved in a variety of ways. Relating to major theories of truth it can be evaluated using basic tests such as pragmatic, coherence and correspondence test.  [1]  Socrates, Platos and Aristotles idea s about truth are consistent with correspondence theory.  [2]  According to Aristotle: To say of what is that it is not, or of what is not that it is, is false, while to say of what is that it is, and of what is not that it is not, is true.  [3]  The correspondence test demands that the statements correspond to what we observe in the world. To test, scientist examine the world and find evidence either directly through sense perception or via technological extensions of the senses.  [4]  One striking example illustrating this approach to the truth is the discovery of Gregor Mendel who has become famous for his study of the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants which substantially inflected the field of genetics.  [5]  His study was based on the sense perception and reasoning as he could have seen with his own eyes that the ratio of purple to white flowers of the pea plant was as he had expected. Consequently, using logics he has formulated the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment which have been preserved in the modern biological science without major modifications. The basis of coherence test is consistency of the statements we make. To test, scientist look not at the world but at the knowledge claims themselves and, as mathematics does, examine them for consistency, freedom and contradiction.  [6]  On that ground mathematicians make assumptions which are based on earlier proves and thereafter test their reliability in practise. Therefore, the process of assignment of the truth in this area of knowledge relies on both coherence and pragmatics test. Pragmatics test demands that the statement work in practical terms. We accept certain assumptions without empirical proof, like axioms, because they happen to work. For example, we assume that nature is regular and understandable.  [7]  By and large, a fundamental unit that builds up mathematics as a science is reasoning due to which the statements considered as true have a very high validity. A complex approach to the truth mostly make use of the basic tools of logics such as deduction, indu ction or implication. Regarding the topic it must be examined in what ways the concept of truth can be approached in all areas of knowledge. It is a fact that using an equal pattern in order to distinguish between truth and falsity is impossible. An example illustrating this concern is the fact that it is popularly believed that the transfer in arts relies on a subjective perception of the perceiver. Nonetheless, regarding prominent creative power of William Shakespear most people feel that the intergenerational transfer of his dramas possess universal value being considered as immutable over centuries. With respect to the general understanding of truth which is assumed to be universal and eternal the phenomenon of Shakespears splendour can be explained. With reference to Hamlet, the creation of the protagonist contributed to formation of an image of a certain philosophical character which attitude towards life is associated with relativism and skepticism. On the whole, the problem raised in the drama is reckoned as universal since it concerns basic existential values experienced by any human being. One of the most famous citation in the world literature to be or not to be refers to the most frequent question undertaken by philosophers, yet impossible to resolve. The issue of uncertain ability to distinguish between what is true and false has a substantial value for me personally as in the recent time I have experienced this concern very sorely. The problem becomes far more elaborate when the only way of knowing responsible for the process of recognition of the validity of a claim are emotions. I started to deliberate to what extent should we base our belief that something is true on emotions when my intimate friend delivered me a message which included a quotation of my boyfriends statement which was characterised negatively towards me. Regarding unlimited trust toward the person I assessed this information as undoubtedly true. As a result, I mindlessly refused my boyfriends firm denial as I based my belief on the rule of womens solidarity. Nevertheless, too late have I realised that the major problem is that my assumption was stated using simplified schemas recorded by my sense perception and primary emotional confidence. On that account, s upported by the coherence theory I summarised analogous situations that occurred conducting on them detailed analysis. As expected, the test revealed that my friend lied to me consistently which was not detected by me due to having neglected reasoning which I consider the best way of knowing in terms of establishing the distinction between truth and falsehood. The question is how can we use reason to know whether information provided by intimate people is reliable or not. This can be briefly summarized reciting Steven Robiner who once said: What is absolutely true is always correct, everywhere, all the time, under any condition. An entitys ability to discern these things is irrelevant to that state of truth.  [8]   As far as I am concerned, there is a vague border between true and untrue in law. How can we verify whether a proposition of law is true? To my mind, regarding this field of science what is true equals what is approved and what is false means what is disapproved. Hence, the truth is generated by a certain group of people called lawyers. Does the fact of having graduated the law faculty mean that a person is capable of determination of true statements? The model of truth presented in law corresponds to the concept undertaken in one of Nietzsches essay  [9]  being a ground of his thinking in which he denies the concept of universal constants stating that what we call truth is only a mobile army of metaphors, metonyms, and anthropomorphisms.  [10]  This issue constitutes a dominant of Franz Kafkas novel The Process which highlights the problem of suffering of human being as a consequence of absurd legal procedures. Finally, taking into consideration poetry we should examine why there is usually one interpretation notwithstanding the fact that everybody is individual and so is the way of perceiving the world. Irrespective of this, at school we are presented a complex interpretation formed by authorities which is believed to be true and valid. The analysis of the literature bases on rhetorical devices which constitute actual advice how to understand the text. Nevertheless, it is still possible that some devices can be apprehended in multiple dimensions which may alter the general interpretation thus, to some extent undermine the authority. In spite of that possibility if I am received a poem during my finals I will be expected to deliver a concrete interpretation with the aid of concrete resources of language. Consequently, if I outline a proper rendition I will be awarded, but otherwise, if I develop my own version I will not be given points. In my opinion, in such a situation the image of truth created by Nietzsche  [11]  is right. According to him, truth is nothing more than the invention of fixed conventions for merely practical purposes, especially those of repose, security and consistence.  [12]  To conclude, the truth in poetry might be considered two-tailed, being either absolute as the official interpretation established by experts or relativistic which refers to subjective version generated by an individual. Settlement of the border between those to contrastive directions of analysis of the truth is very difficult as there is a conflict between universal truth which is approved by the majority and the opposing theory of Albert Einstein according to which everything is relative. Taking everything into account, the establishment of the universal border between truth and falsehood is not a simple task as the concern can be regarded in a variety of ways depending on the context. The difficulty is a result of the abstract nature of those concepts due to which there will always be some margin of error in the judgment. Even though my hypothesis was rather strict having considered several situations it should be restated. For the above mentioned reasons, I think that to a large extent there are no explicit distinctions between what is true and what is false as the only limits derive from theories which are a product of human reasoning which is not flawless likewise anything in the world.

Dove: evolution of a brand Essay

The aim of this case study, written by John Deighton, is to highlight and explain the revolutionary brand evolution strategy at the basis of the extraordinary Unilever’s Dove results, achieved in 2007. Overview: Masterbrands as part of the â€Å"Path to Grow† strategy Unilever is a leading multinational company active in the food, home and personal care sectors. It has been developing globally during the years, creating several of the most successful brands of the world. Its expansion allowed a geographical diversification but also brought some problems of controls; especially the brand portfolio had grown in an unstructured way and required a change of course. Indeed, in February 2000 Unilever began the so called â€Å"Path to Growth†, a five-year strategic activity which included the reshaping and the reorganization of the brand portfolio. More precisely, the company planned to reduce its more than 1,600 brands to 400 and, among them, select a small number of â€Å"Masterbrands† responsible for creating a clear and global identity to be shared with the range of products, included under each Masterbrand name. In this broad strategy it is situated the outstanding evolution of one of the survived brands, Dove, which was selected to become the â€Å"Masterbrand† for Unilever personal care products, beyond the beauty bar category and including hair care products, deodorants, body lotions etc. Dove Masterbrand strategy development Dove, until February 2000, had always been orienting to meet its costumers’ needs, providing them products, with a scientifically proven functional superiority. As a logical consequence, its advertisements had always been centered in promoting the cited higher functionality, preferring natural-looking women rather than fashion model icon in order to communicate honesty and authenticity. But a marketing strategy to build a unique Masterbrand identity could no longer be based on functional superiority, as explained by Deighton; it should create a meaning for Dove, as a â€Å"Masterbrand†, to be applied to all its products. Pursuing the best way to develop the proper image, the management had to slightly change the approach to the promotion. Elements such as â€Å"client need†, â€Å"scientific research†, â€Å"the employment of natural-looking women† and â€Å"honesty and authenticity† survived as central aspects, but they were reassembled and combined differently to accomplish the mentioned goal. The scientific research was no longer used to prove product functionality; but, it was the starting point of the new strategy: a worldwide investigation led by the global brand director for Dove, Silvia Lagnado, and interpreted with the help of two experts, revealed that women generally perceived aesthetic canons, typically illustrated in the advertisements, as very distant and unreachable. It was found out that most of the women didn’t mirror themselves in the advertised concept of beauty and a further survey showed that only the 2% of the interviewed described themselves as beautiful. Dove experts recognized a cultural issue; the beauty-related belief of average women and the advertised beauty weren’t matching. The misalignment generated frustration in women and, as a relevant consequence for Dove, negatively affected the sales of health and care products. So, aware of women dissatisfaction, of their personality, of their need to feel beautiful and keeping in mind Dove internal goals, the management gave life to the revolutionary strategy and decided that Dove should have stood for a point of view. The management decided that natural-looking women would have had a key role in the campaign, but with a different responsibility: instead of promoting Dove’s products they would have promoted their â€Å"average† beauty, with honesty and authenticity. The campaign for Real Beauty was setup and ready to be implemented. The Aim(s) of the campaign Born from the simply idea of creating a common and clear image to be shared with the Dove Masterbrand products, â€Å"The campaign for Real Beauty† has been then developed and changed as it went forward, pursuing further goals and, at the end, revealing itself somewhat different. As a matter of fact and as declared by Kathy O’Brien, Dove marketing director for U.S, the company wanted to â€Å"change the way society views beauty† and â€Å"provoke discussion and debate about real beauty†. This aim was reflected in the Dove’s mission statement, elaborated for the campaign, and it was enhanced with a relevant aspect: the expected repayment for the company, which was keenly expressed. The statement said: â€Å"Dove’s mission is to make more women feel beautiful every day by broadening the narrow definition of beauty and inspiring them to take great care of themselves†. And here the real purpose of the whole initiative became clearer. With the declared aim to develop the common values for the Masterbrand and to overcome the beauty-related mismatch, emerged from the scientific research, Dove started the campaign. Then, inducing the community to a proactive involvement and to debate on such meaning, the company began in a certain sense the democratization process of the beauty. So, being recognized as the entity responsible of the birth of such a thorny process and as a provider of a clear and rule-breaker point of view, Dove started to be on everyone’s lips. It remarkably increased its popularity and most important, allowed it to captivate a huge number of potential clients: those women to be helped in perceiving themselves â€Å"beautiful every day by broadening the definition of beauty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and to be inspired â€Å"to take great care of themselves†. Paraphrasing the meaning of the period â€Å"to inspire to take great care of themselves†, the commercial aim of Dove’s campaign for real beauty becomes apparent. What made the campaign effective? The combination of different elements made the design and the implementation of the campaign so successful. As a first element, the campaign has its roots in the setting of a clear brand’s mission, shared on a global level. The structure of the organization introduced by the Path to Growth strategy, which split the responsibility for each brand between two groups, the Brand Development, centralized and global in scope, and Brand Building, decentralized according to the regions in which Unilever was involved and responsible to bring the brand to life in each marketplace, substantially helped in defining a global mission. Once developed, the brand’s mission worked as a benchmark for each initiative; a cornerstone around which, the whole campaign moved and evolved. Furthermore, the settlement of a well-defined mission was crucial to maintain the control over the campaign, once it had been shared with the community and on purpose exposed to its assessment, starting what I called â€Å"the democratization process of the beauty concept†. And exactly this process is the feature that I consider the sharpest and the most effective of the whole strategy. Indeed Dove, proposing and supporting its unconventional point of view, with the aim to provoke discussion and debate, really made people feel part of revolution and, at the same time, outstandingly got the company closer to its potential clients. In order to increase women’s engagement, Dove, at a certain point of the campaign, directly asked them to film â€Å"their own daughters discussing their self-esteem challenges† and later on, â€Å"to create their own ads for Dove Cream Oil Body Wash† and to participate at the contest â€Å"the Real Ads by Real Women†. It extremely helped in creating a strong social interconnection between Dove’s supporters and the company; they were joint forces against stereotypes of beauty. Moreover, the involvement of the community, thought in a more general sense and which spontaneously commented and also criticized the campaign, was crucial to increasing Dove’s initiative range and for its goals fulfillment. This aspect was part of a further successful feature of the strategy, the so-called Media planning, which was revolutionary and tailored as well. Responsible of the strategy and the investments for the campaign diffusion, the Media planning unit, as said, relied on the engagement of the community and of Internet too and so, it centered the investments in creating and expanding the community of the â€Å"real beauty seekers†. It included the purchase of a Superbowl advertising space. Thanks to such investments and to Youtube, which played a key role in the divulgation of the ads, the phenomenon reached an extraordinary dimension and, as a consequence, the debate started to spread all over, acquiring more and more media hype, insomuch as 16 minutes of Today Show were dedicated to one of the campaign initiatives; even Oprah devoted a full show to self-esteem, built around a Dove’s advertisement. Critics, discussions and parodies rose in sequence, did nothing but increased the relevance of the campaign and amplified its range, exactly as planned by Dove. These are the reasons that made the revolutionary and unprecedented Dove’s campaign so successful and helpful for the company in becoming â€Å"one of 10 brands with the greatest percentage gain in brand health and business value in the past three years† and in its $1.2 billion of grow. References: John Deighton, (Rev: March 25, 2008), Dove: Evolution of a brand, 9-508-047 Harvard Business school

The Unusual Puzzle Into Narrative Essay Topics for College Students Exposed

The Unusual Puzzle Into Narrative Essay Topics for College Students Exposed Narrative Essay Topics for College Students at a Glance You're absolutely free to speak of any true experience. For some, it might be the very first time they've been away from family for a long period. Think about where you would like to be in five decades. Describe some tasks which you've accomplished over the last two years that don't have any connection to academic studies. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Narrative Essay Topics for College Students Often the toughest portion of narrative writing particularly for children is the starting point. It is tough to get thoughts to flow when attempting to begin with the extensive instruction to compose a story. Narrative writing is about telling an intriguing story. It's better to write and share your own personal stories with different folks. Ultimately, a narrative isn't merely a very simple story. So, it's a remarkable foundation for assorted epic stories! Choosing from a period of life and a particular situation, it's well worth choosing the latter to continue to keep your story brief and clear. The story is usually from someone's perspective and is also usually utilised to create a point. To create an ideal essay, you will need to produce your topic as narrow as possible. Before studying the top rated informative essay topics, it's important to ask what makes a great topic. The ideal topic for your essay is one which is aligned with your region of study. Picking the topic for your essay could possibly be the hardest part. Our essay writing company provides a very efficient method of learning how to compose various sorts of essays required in schools. The more you tell us about your requirements, the better essay help we'll be in a position to provide. Only decide to work the jobs that you are aware that you can do. Make certain that you understand the important questions of your topic to concentrate on the most significant moments. Therefore, unless your mentor or professor assigned you a particular subject, the decision of thinking up a good topic is your decision. Many teachers now don't provide the precise topics since they want you to have more choice. Up in Arms About Narrative Essay Topics for College Students? Additionally, you ought not neglect to look at your essay for any grammatical errors. There's more than 1 approach to compose a narrative essay. Narrative essays serve a broad range of purposes. In that case, then you need to attempt writing narrative essays. Be conscious of the size it must be and get started writing the narrative essay outline. The paper has to be based on your real-life experience. On the other hand, it will look more lively. Thus, it's all-important to compose an attractive paper if you want a simple time in school. An experience once you experienced rejection. An application is need to acquire a job for a mystery shopper. It's extremely important to read carefully essay services reviews, because you would like to steer clear of low excellent services. The Narrative Essay Topics for College Students Game Use transition words to get your text coherent and simple to read. Even the ideal narrative story isn't going to attract and engage a reader whether its text consists of a great deal of errors like typos. It's personal enough, it permits you to play with words, and it's both interesting and edifying for the general public. A special title will capture the interest of the reader and enhance your probability of obtaining a high score. Each one learns from its experience, therefore it is crucial that you publish or share your work with other people to obtain their feedback and reviews about the work you've composed. Additionally, you could always request advice from friends and family. Our crew of professional writers will deliver the ideal narration possible that's composed from your private experience and in your voice. For some of them you will require help, while others it's possible to write all on your own.

Cyber Security Incidents And Security Violations - 1432 Words

One of the biggest challenges that businesses face today is planning and preparing for security breaches, especially how to react and respond to cyber security incidents and security breaches. Security-related threats have become quite a nuisance and are more diverse than ever before. The security-related threats have become more disruptive to business processes and more damaging to company’s reputation. With preventative activities encompassing the results of risk assessments, penetration tests, and an effective vulnerability management programs can lessen the effects and decrease the impact of incidents. There is no way to completely prevent all incidents from happening within the company’s networks during day to day operations. Having†¦show more content†¦Identify, contain, and eradicate cyber threats to the bank and its infrastructure, and restore resources in the event of a cyber-incident. Minimize the disruption to both internal and external customers. Pr ovide the necessary input and support to the appropriate infrastructure unit to recover any computer systems impacted during a cyber-incident. Collect data and evidence for potential prosecution. This document will outline the basic CSIRT approach in four phases that will provide preparation, detection and analysis, containment, eradication and recovery, post-incident activity and lessons learned. CSIRT Mission The primary mission of the bank’s CSIRT is to effectively remove threats from bank’s computing environment, while minimizing damage and restoring normal operations as quickly as possible. Additional objectives of the CSIRT are to: Respond to all cyber security incidents or suspected incidents using an organized, formal investigative process. Quickly determine if an intrusion or security incident actually occurred. Assess the impact and scope of a security incident. Contain, eradicate, and remediate the incident. Minimize the disruption to business and network operations for both internal and external customers. Collect and document all evidence related to an incident. Select and engage additional support as necessary. Incident Playbooks With every security incident being unique it is impossible to anticipate every circumstance that the CSIRT may face when